Competition Management Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Competition Management Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction Presently high amount of competition can be found in any type of business. However, in order to become successful in long term competition, a company has to work ethically. All companies have to develop an appropriate guideline to control the behavior of employees and employers. These guidelines can also help to maintain ethical footsteps in business operations. This assignment has been developed in order to find out the challenges that a business entity has to face, when an ethical issue related with work or workplace occurs. It has been analyzed that, most of the organizations struggled to maintain organizational image and its reputation while these types of ethical issues occur. 7-eleven is the selected organization in this assignment. It has been found that the company 7-eleven is one of the most renowned and recognized business chains that has occupied majority of its market place. It has been analyzed that the company had started its journey in the market of Australia during the year of 1977 with only a single store (7eleven 2017). After that, the company had expended its business immensely. Presently the company has more than 630 stores in Australian market (7eleven 2017). The company has utilized majority of states and renowned cities of Australia. It includes Western Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. The company has approximately 190 million transactions annually. Presently the company is facing some major ethical issues that have hampered companys business operation significantly. In addition, it had been found that these ethical issues have also drawn the attention of customers of the company. For this reason, the company was not able to maintain is organizational image. For this reason, the revenue growth of the company was significantly damaged. Hence, in this assignment, ethical issues faced by the company had been identified. It had also been discussed how these ethical issues have affected reputation of the company and performance of employees. Discussion In recent times, 7-eleen was accused for not paying proper wages to its employees which is an ethical problem for the organization. According to Sivaraman and Turner 2016, a joint investigation was held by The ABC Four Cornets and Fairfax that found that 7-eleven was forcing their employees to work long hours and was not even paying their wages properly. However, the management of the organization tried to distance itself from the problem by saying that the problem was caused by a handful number of franchisees. According to Fraser, (2016), the stores of the organization stay open seven days per week. It is evident that wage costs of operating such a store must be significant. However, the report suggests that in a financial report that was supplied to the 7-eleven head office located in Australia, it was mentioned that total wages of sex employees was a little over $64,000. It was also found that the employees of the organization were paid half the $24 an hour or less (Terry-Armstron g, 2016). Besides it was also found that organization was doing the same with its employees who were immigrated to Australia. Some of them were even international students. As a result of this investigation, the franchising model of the organization came under the public spotlight, mainly the professed unfair financial pressures placed on franchises and, in turn, their staff to make sure profitable and viable businesses. According to May et al., (2014), Australia is the one of the most regulated franchising sectors in the world where The Mandatory Franchising Code of Conduct aims to deliver a level playing field ad franchisees and franchisors. At the time of any dispute, the office of the Franchising Mediation Advisor can support with dispute resolution. However, in the case of 7-eleven the franchises violated all the rules and regulations. In order to argue this ethical problem of the organization, two concepts of managerial ethics will be discusses in this part of the essay. Business ethics is known as the application of some ethical principles and standards to business. However, ethical principles in a business must not be different from those moral principles that business people must apply to their own personal conduct. However, a debate is always there about whether ethical principles must be applied if the consequence is a decline in profit. From the case of 7-elven it is clear that the organization did not follow any ethical principle in order to improve their profitability. According to Michaelson et al., (2014), ethical behavior means not harming others. In the case of 7-eleven, the organization harmed the employees therefore there is no doubt that their behavior was unethical. To describe their ethical problem, two concepts of managerial ethics will be adopted which are immoral managers and amoral managers. Immoral managers, according to Patino, (2012), are the best examples of self-serving greed that can be termed as simple business. These types of managers have very few principles and they view reliability ax religious term which is not applicable in the real world. These types of managers can do anything and everything to accomplish their personal goals and the objectives of the organization. On the other hand, managers who are amoral believe that it is not important to consider ethical principles while making business decisions. They think that it is absolutely legitimate for business organization to do anything they will so long as they stay within in legal and regulatory bounds (Smith et al., 2013). These types of managers are either deliberately or not deliberately amoral. Managers who are intentionally amoral normally observe ethical considerations as an act of charity. However, they also believe that ethical standards which require doing more than what is required by the law ar e not realistic in this competitive business world. One common behavior of the intentionally amoral managers is most their decisions are lawyer driven. They always try to find out loopholes in legal systems in order to gain advantage for the organization. Then there is an unintentionally amoral manager who does not want to pay any type of attention to the concept of business ethics (Stanwick Stanwick 2013). These types of managers do not give any type of serious attention to the unethical consequences of business decisions that can look as amoral. With the amoral managers the biggest problem is that when they are confronted by the unethical results of their amoral acts, they find it easy to justify the need for immorality in pursuit of profit rather than find a way to change their business strategies based on ethical principles. From the case of 7-eleven it can be said that organization and is managers were following the unintentionally amoral attitudes towards its employees. According to the investigation, the organization is to pay workers a total of $4.36m (Wotruba et al., 2015). However, the workers were underpaid $24,000 each. However, this situation was denied by the Allan Fels chief of the panel who said that the complaints of underpayment came from 60% stores only. However, the question is why the organization did this with its workers. According to Ford and Richardson (2013), an agreement was signed between the management of the organization and franchisees. According to that agreement the franchises are expected to pay nearly 55% of revenue to the head office (Weaver, 2014). However, it was not possible for the franchisees to provide that and gain profits at the same time. That is why, they started to gain profits by underpaying the employees. From this scenario, it is clear that the managers of the organization were unintentionally amoral. Managers who are intentionally amoral take unethical decisions using the law and order. For example, the intentionally amoral managers think if there is a legal loophole that can be found to open an overseas bank account in a bank that will protect the identity of the depositors or not. That means if the managers of the franchisee companies wanted to keep their profits while paying 55% revenue, they would find a way that is legal (Uche et al., 2016). However, the story that was revealed by the investigation clearly showed that what the managers did was absolutely unethical. Like unintentionally amoral managers, the leaders of the organization did not pay any type of attention to the concept of business ethics. Their aim was to increase the amount of profitability of the organization and they wanted to accomplish it somehow. That is why; they started to underpay the employees. The investigation also revealed that the organization was also responsible for implementing cash-back scheme in the workplace. According to this plan, the employees were paid right amount of reward that they deserve. However, later they were forced into paying back part of their reward to their employers. From this decision it can said that the organization by any means tried to improve their profitability. They did not care whether the step taken by then is ethical or not. However, Sivaraman and Turner (2016) argued that most of the franchisee carry others brand but are independent businesses. Therefore, it is not right to blame the franchises. Franchisors can easily demand that were acting according to the rules and regulations of Franchising Code of Conduct and they are in line with their franchise agreements and disclosures. When a problem occurs, it is easy for the franchisors to say that legally it is not their problem. However, it is true that the franchisors will face the mai n problems. They will face problems in terms of public perception of their business and brand and also on franchisee and staff recruitment and retention. One good thing about 7-eleven is after finding out about the problem, the organization did not hesitate to come forward. After revealing that all the problems were caused by the franchises, the organization could easily step away and could ask the franchisee companies to pay for their mistakes (Fraser, 2016). However, the organization took the matter into their hands and announced that they would repay all underpaid employees once those are verified. So far, 7-elven has successfully paid nearly 120 workers and has also entered into a compliance partnership with the fair work ombudsman to enhance its practices related to business ethics. As the franchisees were manipulating time sheers, the organization introduced new electronic timekeeping (7eleven.com.au, 2017). The management of 7-eleven also announced that they will terminate those franchisees that violated the legal rules and regulations and forced the workers to work under low payments. From this situation it can be said that the managers of the organization are Moral Managers. Moral Managers is another concept of managerial ethics that states that these types of managers are dedicated to high standards of ethical behavior both in his own personal actions and in his decision of how to handle and organizations activities. The management of the organization through a spokesman of their own told Guardian Australia that the company was unaware of the incident (Michaelson et al., 2014). The organization in any situation did not support the decisions o the franchisee companies. Therefore, it can be said that the organization is following business ethics properly. Analysis In this research work, the main topic is work ethics. In this section, it had been critically evaluated how business ethics is related with leadership style and decision making skills. According to Albert and Merunka (2013), ethics is the belief or value of a company based on which all the business operation are conducted. For instance, 7-eleven always try to maintain customer relation. It is one of the major ethical concerns for the company. Barry (2016) mentioned that employee performance of an organization has significant impact on customer relation. If employees of an organization can offer best quality of service to their customers, then customers become satisfied (Barry, 2016). However, offering high standard of service is not the only ethical concerns that management of the organization is facing. The management of the company has to provide all the necessary benefits and facilities to workers in order to maintain ethics at workplace. All the business managers of a company lik e 7-eleven has to follow some specific acts while developing business operations. It includes acts such as Health and safety Acts, Data Protection Acts, Anti-discrimination Acts, gender equality acts and Right to information Act. Managers of a company have to treat every employee with dignity and respect (Alberts et al., 2015). Albert and Merunka (2013) stated that leadership is another important aspect that can support and promote ethics at workplace. It is the responsibility of an ethical leader to guide every employee towards organizational goal. It had been analyzed that employee performance is highly dependent on leadership quality and style. It has been found that a leader can follow different types of leadership styles depending on the individual characteristics. They are such as democratic leadership style and autocratic style. Ardichvili et al. (2012) mentioned that in democratic leadership style, leaders provide opportunities to workers so that they can express their point of view. The leaders take decisions after taking advice from subordinates. On the other hand, in autocratic leadership style, leaders take their own decisions without consulting with subordinates. Barry (2016) mentioned that, this type of leadership is effective in emergency situation or when a company is able to gain profit. Ho wever, this type of leadership style can lead to discrimination and partiality and give rise to ethical issues (Alberts et al., 2015). It also forced employees to follow the order given by their higher authority blindly. They are not provided enough space so that can express their own point of view in the decision making process. For this reason, employees lose interest in work and they are not able to provide effective service to customers. On contrary, it can be mentioned that business decision is the process that depends both on employees and employers. Ardichvili et al. (2012) stated that, in most of the successful organizations, before taking any important decisions managers involve employees in the decision making process. Audi (2012) mentioned that, it also makes sure that managers can take ethical decisions. For example, in order to motivate employees to take less leaves, at first the management team has to discuss employees about their issues. It will help managers to understand the aspects that can motivate employees to take less leaves. For example, providing work from home facility and extra incentives for not taking leaves can motivate employees to take less leaves. In order to lead workers to organizational goals, business leaders have to develop effective communication with every worker in order to know their issues and challenges (Barry, 2016). Hence it can be mentioned that values and beliefs of managers and the leadership style has significant impact on the decision making approach. In case of 7-eleven, it had been analyzed that leaders of the organization do not follow organizational ethics while taking decisions. It had been found that human resource management team has selected less talented, less skilled and undergraduate employees, who are not even qualified to work in the company. It gave rise to issues related with discrimination at workplace. In addition inequality can also be found in the payment system. It had been found that most of the employees of the company were underpaid. For this reason, most of the employees failed to maintain their livelihood in appropriate manner. The managers did not follow organizational ethics while taking these kinds of decisions. It had increased dissatisfaction among employees, which hampered individual performance of employees and as well as overall organizational performance. Audi (2012) mentioned that, in order to become an effective leader, a person has to follow the ethics of business and principles. They have to develop strong relationship with employees depending on which they can take collective decisions so that they reach the target market in more efficient manner. Hence, it can be stated that all these terms business ethics, leadership and decision making are interrelated. Hence, in order to take appropriate business decisions, business leaders cannot deny the significance of business ethics. Conclusion In this assignment an in-depth analysis has been provided to find out how the management of company can maintain ethics at workplace. It had been found that contribution of employees in a company cannot be denied. However, some of the mangers and leaders of company 7-eleven has denied this aspect. It led the company to a serious ethical issue, which hampered the business operation of a company in significant manner. It had been found that huge amount of employees within the organization were humiliated and exploited. The managers and leaders of the company did not provide much importance to work ethics and values. Discrimination and inequality in the payment system are the major ethical concerns that the company was facing. In order solve these issues; the management of the organization has to follow certain rules and regulations. They have to promote equality and respect within the workplace. They have to treat every employee equally and with respect and dignity. They also have to involve employees in the decision making process and follow democratic leadership style. It will involve employees much with the organization and make them feel valued. They have to understand that providing work from home facility and extra incentives for not taking leaves can motivate employees to take less leaves. In order to lead workers to organizational goals, business leaders have to develop effective communication with every worker in order to know their issues and challenges. Hence it can be mentioned that values and beliefs of managers and the leadership style has significant impact on the decision making approach. Managers have to listen to employees to know their issues and challenges and try to solve them as fast as possible. It will motivate employees to fulfill organizational objectives. In the scenario of 7-eleven, i t can be seen that the organization had no idea about the ill-treatment of the employees by its franchisees. Therefore, it is also important for the franchisors to keep a frequent communication with the franchisee companies so that it can have information about the steps of the franchisee companies. References 7-Eleven: Wage abuse claims puts scrutiny on Fair Work response. (2015). Financial Review. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.afr.com/business/retail/fmcg/7eleven-wage-abuse-claims-puts-scrutiny-on-fair-work-response-20150830-gjavxh Albert, N., Merunka, D. (2013). The role of brand love in consumer-brand relationships.Journal of Consumer Marketing,30(3), 258-266. Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., Martin, J. N. (2015).Human communication in society. Pearson. Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J., Thakadipuram, T. (2012). Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China.Journal of Business Ethics,105(4), 415-428. Audi, R. (2012). Virtue ethics as a resource in business.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(02), 273-291. Barry, N. (2016).Business ethics. Springer. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Fraser, M. (2016). Investigating 7-Eleven: Who are the real bad guys?.Griffith Journal of Law Human Dignity,4(2). May, D. R., Luth, M. T., Schwoerer, C. E. (2014). The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), 67-80. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M. G., Grant, A. M., Dunn, C. P. (2014). Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), 77-90. Patino, A., Pitta, D. A., Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's emerging importance in market research.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(3), 233-237. Sivaraman, G., Turner, P. (2016). The 7-Eleven wages scandal: The need for law reform.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), 53. Smith, W. K., Gonin, M., Besharov, M. L. (2013). Managing social-business tensions: A review and research agenda for social enterprise.Business Ethics Quarterly,23(03), 407-442. Stanwick, P., Stanwick, S. D. (2013).Understanding business ethics. Sage. Terry-Armstrong, N. (2016). 7-Eleven: A case study of a flawed franchise model.Busidate,24(2), 8. Uche, C. B. N., Oghojafor, B. E. A., Akaighe, G. O. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Managerial Behaviour in the Public and Private Sectors in Nigeria.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS),7(3), 116-123. Weaver, G. R. (2014). Encouraging ethics in organizations: A review of some key research findings.Am. Crim. L. Rev.,51, 293. Wotruba, T. R., Chonko, L. B., Loe, T. W. (2015). How Do Codes of Ethics Affect Managerial Behavior? The Impact of FAmiliarity. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 430-430). Springer International Publishing.

Media Propaganda

Media Propaganda refers to a message that aims at changing people’s opinion on issues by providing only one side of an argument. Propaganda is widespread in the media especially in advertisements and magazines (Baran and Davis 76). In this paper, we will consider a poster advertisement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Propaganda specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This poster contains an advertisement for a body spray, Axe. In the advertisement, there is a couple walking down the street along window displays. The advertisement shows a man cut into two halves, the lower half and the upper half. The lower half of the man’s body is lagging behind, standing by a window display with a female mannequin dressed in lingerie. On the other hand, the upper half continues walking alongside the woman. In addition, the poster contains a written message at the bottom of the page. This message reads, â€Å"Part Good. Part Bad. That’s Man’s Essence.† Further, at the lower right corner, the poster has a picture of the spray under consideration and the name of the spray: â€Å"New Axe Essence†. This message appeals to the audience to use Axe body spray. The audience of this advertisement is men. This advertisement is simply appealing to men, especially from teenage upwards. Men relate to this idea of walking together with a woman while at the same time admiring other women. This makes them feel integrated (Bhasin 1). The message contained in this poster appears to be appealing to men to use this body spray to get a double deal. It implies that axe gives men an advantage of attracting women who are sexually appealing and at the same time keep their girlfriends. Men have added integrated egos when they attract such beautiful women and seem to have successful relationships. This will translate to the men being content and happy. The man in the poster looks comfortable and confident. Further, the woman in the advertisement seems impressed, happy, and relaxed. The advert makes it appear that the man is the one making the woman happy. Therefore, this implies that men who use axe appear relaxed and composed manage to impress their girlfriends. These influence choices of men who want to impress their girlfriends and make them happy. In addition, the poster portrays the given location as luxurious with lovely shop displays without people. This implies the unique and distinct nature of Axe. Obviously, the properties given to the spray add class to it and allow the spray to select rich and classy men as prospective buyers.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This advertisement portrays Axe body spray as being appropriate for use at any time. For instance, for casual time, at work or anywhere, the casually dressed couple in the advertisement seems to be admiring shop displays’ probably on their way to a casual meeting after work. The man used in the poster is young emphasizing that axe body spray is convenient for young men. He is young and needs to feel happy and successful. The smile of the man in the poster portrays his happiness probably because of his youth. This contentment associates with the audience’s needs and attract their attention. Additionally, the poster uses tranquil and non-screaming colors. Advertisers use blue and grey colors on the spray and the background respectively. These colors are passionate, serene, welcoming and can accommodate diverse moods and occasions. These colors attract the audience and encourage them to use the spray. This advertisement is exceptionally convincing and can attract many people. However, ideological analysis of this advertisement reveals the presence of unintended cultural messages dotted all over the poster (Sproule 130). Cultural aspects that come out can disco urage prospective users of Axe spray if they paid deeper attention to the advertisement. This advertisement suggests that a man who uses axe essence will have more than one woman at his disposal. It assumes that men are happy when they have multiple women. Further, the advertisement stereotypes men as being sex oriented. The lower part of the man’s body staring at the mannequin shows this stereotype. One would wonder why the lower and not the upper half of the body was staring the mannequin considering that it is the one with eyes. What does the lower half of the man’s body use to see the mannequin? Clearly, the body part that substitutes the man’s eye is his phallus. This shows that men view women as objects for their sexual desire, which is not completely true. The message and pictures in the advertisement pose another cultural controversy. The picture indicates that the lower half of the man remains behind while the upper half continues walking together with the woman. The girlfriend does not seem to notice that her boyfriend’s lower part is lagging behind staring at other feminine figures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media Propaganda specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The man continues walking as if nothing is happening. This brands men as cheaters and unfaithful spouses. The advertisers seem to know this when they write that man is partly good and partly bad. However, they dismiss it referring it to as man’s essence. This is against cultural norms, which advocates for fidelity among spouses. This advertisement for axe body spray portrays women as sex figures. The lower part of the man’s body lagging behind to admire the mannequin proves this. This act emphasizes on extreme sexuality of women and the power those feminine figures posses to the extent of splitting a man into two. This is obvious in the lower part of the man’s body admiri ng a displayed mannequin wearing red lingerie. This shows that men prefer women who dress skimpily to casually dressed women. These women appear to be extra sexually appealing and attract men. Consequently, this advertisement perceives women as sexual objects and displays women in a negative way. This advertisement is not completely true. For instance, the street appears to be vacant allowing the couple quality time alone. There are shops as shown by the displayed mannequin wearing lingerie. However, we know that shops need clients to keep them functional. The poster neglects this fact and creates an illusion that Axe body spray allows people to be completely alone in the street. The advertisers use this fallacy to create emotion and influence buyers. In conclusion, we are justified to say that this advertisement is effective. The poster effectively uses graphic display and words to convey the intended media message (Jowett and O’ Donell 280). They achieve this by using physi cally attractive people, using a quiet and serene setting. Further, the advertiser’s choice of colors and creativity help them to attract a larger audience. The advertisers capture audience’s attention well and consider their needs. They conform to the audience’s need of being happy, having integrated ego and using distinguished products. Therefore, the use of media propaganda assists the advertisers to achieve their goal. Works Cited Baran, Stanley and Dennis Davis. Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future 6th ed. London: Wadsworth, 2011. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bhasin, Kim. How Axe Became The Top-Selling Deodorant By Targeting Nerdy Losers. 2011. Web. Jowett, Garth and Victoria O’ Donell. Propaganda and Persuasion 4th ed. London: Sage Publications, 2005. Print. Sproule, Michael. Propaganda and Democracy:The American Experience of Media and Mass Persuasion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Print. This essay on Media Propaganda was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Compare The Awakening To Madame Bovary Essays - The Awakening

Compare The Awakening to Madame Bovary Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary are both tales of women indignant with their domestic situations; the distinct differences between the two books can be found in the authors' unique tones. Both authors weave similar themes into their writings such as, the escape from the monotony of domestic life, dissatisfaction with marital expectations and suicide. References to "fate" abound throughout both works. In The Awakening, Chopin uses fate to represent the expectations of Edna Pontellier's aristocratic society. Flaubert uses "fate" to portray his characters' compulsive methods of dealing with their guilt and rejecting of personal accountability. Both authors, however seem to believe that it is fate that oppresses these women; their creators view them subjectively, as if they were products of their respective environments. Chopin portrays Edna as an object, and she receives only the same respect as a possession. Edna's husband sees her as and looks, "...at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered some damage." (P 2 : The Awakening) Chopin foils their marriage in that of the Ratignolles who, "...understood each other perfectly." She makes the classic mistake of comparing one's insides with others' outsides when she thinks, "If ever the fusion of two human begins into one has been accomplished on this sphere it was surely in their union." (P 56 : The Awakening) This sets the stage for her unhappiness, providing a point of contrast for her despondent marriage to Mr. Pontellier. She blames their marriage for their unhappiness declaring that, "...a wedding is one of the most lamentable spectacles on earth." (P 66 : The Awakening) She sees their lifetime pledge to fidelity and love as merely a social trap; the same forces that bind them oppress her. Simultaneously, Mademoiselle Reisz, who "...sent a keen tremor down Mrs. Pontellier's spinal column..." which perhaps is the tremor that marks the beginning of Edna's self discovery. "A certain light was beginning to dawn dimly within her, - the light which, showing the way, forbids it." (P 13 : The Awakening) As she explores her world, other men, swimming, and her other romantic pursuits, she experiences her epiphany; she finds that the world has much to offer and kills herself in the lamentation of that which she cannot truly have. Edna finds herself filled with "An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consciousness...She did not sit there inwardly upbraiding her husband, lamenting at Fate, which had directed her footsteps to the path which they had taken." (P 6 : The Awakening) Edna takes an active part in finding happiness within her world. She pursues her swimming and other men in the interest of ending the monotony she lives with as a result of her being confined into her aristocratic society. Emma Bovary, being both protagonist and antagonist, by contrast experiences her epiphany solely at death. She takes the arsenic when she realizes all that she will not get from what she already has. Her light of discovery is found only in the darkness of her death. She laments not what she does not possess, but what happiness her world does not give her. Hers is a story of spiritual emptiness and foolish idealism. "...Emma tried to find out what one meant exactly in life by the words bliss, passion, ecstasy, that had seemed to her so beautiful in books." (P 24 : Madame Bovary) She searches for that which is found in the fantasy world of books in her own world and falls short of her expectations. Charles, her husband, she takes for granted as "She would have done so to the logs in the fireplace or to the pendulum of the clock." (P 44 : Madame Bovary) Flaubert allows her to see Charles as an object just as Mr. Pontellier sees his wife as an object. Although the characters are of the op posite sex, leaving both of the women displeased with their men, and moreover, their lives. Edna and Emma both use people (Emma is also used herself) when needed, and are discarded when they have outlived their usefulness: "Charles was someone to talk to, an ever-open ear, an

Leonardos began when his father moved to Florence Essays

Leonardos began when his father moved to Florence Essays Leo Leonardos began when his father moved to Florence as the procurator of the Convent of St. Martire in 1469. There, Leonardo worked in the legendary workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio. He worked together with Perugino, Botticelli, Ghirlandalo, and Lorenzo di Credi. Leonardo worked with other people on the painting Baptism of Christ. He regestered in the Guild of Florentine Painters and becomes the Guilds debtor in 1472. A year later, he paints a Wide View Over A Plain with a view of the Montalbano towards Valdarno and Valdinievole. It is the first reliable point of reference in the cronological index of Leonardos works. He was charged with homosexuality in 1476 and was released on probation. He continues to work in Verrocchios workshop. Lwonardo creates the first folios of the Condex Atlanticus two years later.In 1480 Leonardo went to work for Lorenzo Magnifico in the garden of S. Marco.

Child Behavior and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child Behavior and Development - Essay Example He was able to distinguish between a â€Å"cookie† and a â€Å"cake†. The child had asked for a cookie and his brother gave him a cake instead which he refused and insisted he gets a cookie. The child displayed his language and communication ability by answering all the people around him. Kyle was rather a sweet child who got along better with older children and adults. He always wanted to be the center of attraction while he bossed and gave instructions to his older brother and sister. He was a rather friendly kid as he laughed and joked pulling at his brother’s coat and ran around the table as he sat on each one's lap. He seemed to be an egocentric kid as he was always trying to grab the attention of others. According to Erickson, a child’s psycho-social behavior can be judged by observing how well he interacts with people in his environment. He displayed an emotional attachment as he went in search of his grandfather and when he missed his mother he called out, â€Å"Mommy where are you?† I found Kyle to be a healthy kid who was very active and strong. He had excellent motor skills as he tried to hop, jump, twist and run around the whole place. He banged several times on the glass table and laughed louder as he banged harder. While sitting at the table he tried pushing it using both his feet. His brother assisted him to drink from a juice box, but he pulled it from him and began drinking it by himself. According to Piaget’s theory, a child uses his five senses when interacting with people and things in his environment. This is very true in Kyle’s case as he used his senses to interpret and deal with things around him. The child was a keen observer while playing at the sand table. He watched all the others around him and even answered his teacher while she asked him a few questions. He was capable of recognizing which object to use for scooping up the sand.

Flexible Working Practices and Their Place in Todays Organizations Essay

Flexible Working Practices and Their Place in Todays Organizations - Essay Example This is the reason why companies need to focus on increasing employees’ satisfaction with their jobs. Provision of flexible work environment to employees is one of the main steps a company takes to increase employee motivation and satisfaction levels (Brenner, Fairris & Ruser 2004). In this paper, we will discuss some of the key flexible work practices that can make jobs attractive for employees. The paper will include a discussion on the way human resources can be managed so that employees become more motivated and satisfied with their jobs. 2. Flexible Work Practices Flexible work practices mean different things for different organizations. Some organizations think of flexible work practices as a way to establish a good working relationship between partners, customers, and shareholders, whereas some companies take flexible work practices as the ways to improve employee performance. Generally speaking, flexibility in doing job is all about the way an employer and an employee make changes to when, how, and in which way he/she will work to meet business and individual needs in a proper manner. Flexible work practices help companies in reducing workplace conflicts and employee turnover problems. As Batt and Valcour (2003, p. 189) state, â€Å"the most effective organizational responses to work-family conflict and to turnover are those that combine work-family policies with other human resources practices, including work redesign and commitment-enhancing incentives†. Flexible work practices refer to that type of flexibility that serves both employees and companies in accommodating individual needs (Avery & Zabel 2001, p. 139). Flexible work practice enables businesses as well as individuals to meet their respective needs by making appropriate changes to location (where), time (when), and manner (how) in which employers and employees carry out their job activities. â€Å"Flexibility should be mutually beneficial to both the employer and employee and result in superior outcomes† (Workplace Flexibility 2011). There is a number of flexible work practices that managers can carry out to make employees satisfied with their jobs. Some of those practices include flexible working hours, part-time work, variable year and part-year employment, motivation through recognition, facilitating remote working, job sharing, phased retirement, and flexible job hours. Allowing employees to work in ways that can help them balance their personal and professional life requirements easily is good for employees, as well as for businesses (Stredwick & Ellis 2005, p. 1). Let us discuss some of the main flexible working practices in detail to know how they contribute to improved employee and organizational performances. 2.1 Flexible Working Hours One of the best flexible work practices is to allow flexible working hours to employees (Pil & Macduffie 1996). Managers can schedule the working hours of employees in such a way that employees can feel rela xed. For example, they can change the work timings of 8am - 4pm to 9am – 5pm. Similarly, they can alter the scheduling of work timings to facilitate employees in doing their personal works. For example, they can make employees work for 10 hours a day and then give a 2 hours relaxation for the next day. In this way, the total number of working hours for employees will be the same as in normal case.

The Demand for Health Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Demand for Health Insurance - Essay Example Alarming policy is the policy involving market-oriented solutions regarding the health insurance. Since customers have the habit of sorting themselves in certain groups, the talks on how to change the policy is based on the aborting criterion (Morrisey 87). Here, strategies should be put in place so that all level of customer should be favored and that they should not sort themselves in groups. In doing the above, the strength part of it is that all the customers will benefit equally. Weakness here is that customers are hard to understand and they tend to oppose the whole procedure for their own benefits. In most cases, health care policy in the developing country entails a government-sponsored clinics and hospital networks. The above has a goal of primarily providing access of the universe. Often, the above exists alongside the private providers systems for which pockets are paid off by individuals. In addition, it is evident as per the researchers that another health care policy includes health care clinics being prioritize, increasing success, and certain special funds being made available (Manning 4). The above is seen when President Nixon Richard decided to tackle cancer, and he planned to channel some millions of dollars to cater research work. Similarly, other health issues like the aids, small pox just to mention but a few are other forms of health policy that Medicaid put up for the fight of the health care issues.